Saturday, April 27, 2013

Concluding Post: An Open Letter to My Students


April 28, 2013

Dear Past, Present, and Future Students:

To understand who I am as your teacher is to understand who I have been, and continue to be, as a learner.  By taking you on a journey of my life’s learning experiences, I hope you will gain a better understanding of my beliefs about education and my approach to instruction.  I also hope you find pieces of your own identity in my story so that you may become, as I have, someone who is motivated to make learning a meaningful, lifelong endeavor.   Writing this letter to you will allow me to reflect upon my teaching and learning, thereby enabling me to better understand you and your experiences in life’s curriculum. 

Let us begin with who I was at your age.  My high school was in a blue-collar, lower-middle class town.  The expectation was that we were to graduate and go to college to avoid a life of manual or technical labor, even though that is exactly what our families did to provide for us.  The high school, which was recognized for academic excellence, was our door to opportunity and success; but I did not view it as such.  I remained studious and earned good grades mostly to please my parents.  What I was learning, how much I was learning, and how I could apply new knowledge and skills was of little concern to me; I was motivated by grades and praise. 

Education became a game to me.  I wanted to cut corners and push the limits to see what I could get away with and still earn an ‘A’.  This led to failing to study when I knew I needed to, cheating when I did not have to, and completing my homework minutes before it was due to test my ability to perform under pressure.   In the U.S., we have a culture that values schooling over learning.  I knew that my parents, colleges, and employers would be more concerned about the classes I took and the grades I received than what I actually learned.  Unfortunately, I know that too many of you can relate to my high school experience and absence of intrinsic motivation. 

A general lack of ownership over my own learning persisted until my junior year of college.  It was then that I enrolled in one semester at the Universidad de Burgos, in northern Spain, to study Spanish art, history, geography, and language.  My studies included excursions to castles, cathedrals, vineyards, museums, aqueducts, and other sites that seemed to bring to life the material I was learning in the classroom.  Almost instantly, I developed an insatiable thirst for knowledge and new experiences.  I learned by exploring the country, experiencing the culture, and interacting with people, and I realized that this learning was enabled by (and dependent upon) my Spanish language proficiency.  I was motivated like never before to become more proficient. 

My experiences in Spain ignited my passion for learning, and it also changed my global perspective.  For the first time in my life, I had considered the world that exists outside of my home country.  I became aware of the impact my country’s decisions have on people in other parts of the world.  I met people that challenged my ideals and beliefs and made me consider how other people live life.  Those who had traveled the globe, learned multiple languages, and developed a “work to live, not live to work” mantra inspired me.  I wanted the same for myself.  But even more, I wanted the same for other Americans.  With a mission to promote second-language learning, cultural studies, and international travel, my decision to become a teacher was an easy one to make.  

Upon returning to the U.S., I found my classroom studies to be more meaningful.  No longer was I attending class and completing coursework just for the grade and the praise.  One particular professor made an impression on me with her approach to assessing student learning.  She assigned us to research the topic of our choice and present it to the class to demonstrate what we had learned.  There were no guidelines or rubrics.  We did not know how she wanted us to present our findings, how many sources we should include, or how we would be graded.  Her vague explanations were frustrating.  As it happened, I ended up putting more work into that assignment than any other that semester because I was driven by my own interests.  Though the inquiry project was nearly 10 years ago, I can still recite most of my findings, and, oddly enough, I cannot remember the grade I received. 

Image: Our Classroom as a Foreign Country

Those of you who were my past students will likely relate to my experience in high school, because your high school was in a similar setting and the expectations of your parents and teachers were relatively the same.  This led to many of you becoming extrinsically motivated and not taking an interest in your own education.  Reading of my evolution as a learner and what motivated me might help you make sense of the experiences you had in our classroom.  Our classroom was a foreign country within the school.

When you entered the classroom, I wanted you to have the feeling that you had been transported to another country.  The room was decorated with the flags of every Spanish-speaking country in the world.  We had pictures of architectural and geographical sights from many nations.  The Spanish language covered our walls and we had posters illustrating cultural practices that differ from our own.  We used both Spanish and English to communicate.  We learned about other cultures by experiencing them.  We danced and sang, made food and shared it, celebrated Latin American and European holidays, and interacted with media in the target language.  Most of you were motivated to advance your second-language skills because the classroom activities were authentic and you could see the purpose for them because you were assessing your own learning.  An underlying goal of the classes’ curriculum was to broaden your global perspective and promote the understanding and acceptance of people from other walks of life. 

Those of you I had in recent years may have had a different experience than those of you from my first year and second year of teaching.  When I first started teaching, I believed in drilling, rote memorization, and frequent testing.  With more classroom experience and continued teacher training, I began realizing that rote memorization was not truly learning and that traditional pencil-and-paper tests are unauthentic and often inaccurate ways of measuring students’ learning.  I also remembered the impact that my college inquiry project had on my learning.  As a result, I moved to a performance-based approach to assessment.  Cultural studies were transformed into inquiry projects that allowed you to explore your own interests and language learning was demonstrated through real-world application.  You were no longer asked to complete multiple-choice tests because our classroom was a foreign country and you were being tested each day with authentic experiences in a language and culture unlike your own.  

I earned a reputation among you students as being “The Cell Phone Nazi”.  With just the sight of your cell phone, I would confiscate it and require your parents to come to the school to get it back.  As you know, I believe in using technology to enhance the learning experience, but I viewed your cell phones as a distraction.  I wanted you to be present in the moment and engaged in the lesson instead of texting your friends or using social media.  This view of mine has been challenged by my graduate-level coursework and I now see a place for cell phones in the classroom.  They offer access to a wealth of information and seemingly endless opportunities to interact with the outside world.  I am interested in exploring how to maximize the use of cell phones and tablet devices.  After all, we want the citizens of our country within a classroom to be innovative and competitive in a global society.

I am not presently teaching in a classroom, so it has become more difficult to identify who my current students are.  My girlfriend has allowed me to continue my role as an educator.  Although she has nearly completed her master’s degree in teaching, she still looks to me for guidance with planning lessons, developing curriculum and assessing students’ learning.  My graduate work and experience in the classroom have been useful resources for her ongoing development of a teaching philosophy, and she, too, has adopted the “classroom as a foreign country” image for her middle school Spanish classroom.  Our frequent collaboration has allowed me to continue impacting students’ experiences with school and life’s curriculum. 

It is not known whether I will find my future students in a classroom or elsewhere.  I dream of one day operating an organization that takes high school students from the United States abroad to participate in language and cultural immersion programs.  I would recruit you students from all walks of American life to enroll in these programs.  The curriculum would encourage you to become an intrinsically motivated learner of life’s curriculum.  You would develop second language skills, a global citizenship perspective, and an acceptance of diverse populations by becoming part of a foreign community.  Instead of an image of a classroom as a foreign country, the foreign country would be your classroom, and you would learn by experiencing it.  My hope is that you would gain an understanding of the world’s interconnectedness and how our actions affect one another.  I would want you to experience how others live life and to learn that there are many pathways to happiness and success. 

The truth is that this vision for my future students’ education has been heavily influenced by my own experiences in life’s curriculum.  My interactions with you past and current students have been guided by these experiences as well.  I have this vision for your education because it is what ignited my passion for learning and brought me success in life’s curriculum.  However, there is no definitive answer to what should be learned in life or how it should be taught, so perhaps my vision is no better than any other person’s vision when developing a curriculum.  More important is to understand how my personal convictions and experiences influence the curriculum set before you, and writing this letter to you has brought me to this realization. 

I thank you for giving me this opportunity to reflect.

Sincerely,

Christopher Shier

Sunday, April 14, 2013

The Silver Bullet


“Good schools - that’s what all of us want.  But sometimes I wish someone would tell me just what these words mean.  It seems we all have different ideas on the subject.  Each of us feels he has the very best solution.”  -Fictional School Board Member,  Waiting for Superman (2010)

What does a good school look like?  
It depends who you ask.  Ask a researcher, a teacher, an administrator.  Ask of a parent in the suburbs and one in the inner city.  Ask a student who earns good grades and one who doesn't.  Ask someone from another country.  You are likely to get different answers.  Perhaps it is less cumbersome to investigate how we, as a society, measure what makes a school "good"- high test scores and high percentage of students that graduate and attend college.  


Why do we value test scores?   Because we like to compare schools.  We want to know how one school or group of schools stacks up to those in other cities, states, or countries.  Standardized tests give us data that allows us to easily compare schools.  "There seems to be no better way to measure success and compare schools to one another." (Eisner, 2009, p. 330).  Because standardized testing was the focus of one of my previous posts, I will refrain from posting another lengthy argument as to why test scores should matter less.  Instead, you should take it from Howard Gardner, or perhaps read Yong Zhao's thoughts

Why do we want all students to go to college? "The reason most offered is that everyone in a liberal democracy should have the chance to obtain the goods of society.  That seems right.  But does such a commitment imply that access to those goods must come through successful competition in traditional schooling?  What happens, then, to those who do not do well in the only form of schooling that we make available in the name of equity?" (Noddings, 2009, p. 432).  The message we send to students is that the jobs available to those with a college education are the ones our society values; after all, those are the jobs that allow the most access to the goods of society.  We do little to acknowledge or let flourish the non-academic skills of our students; despite having a number of jobs in the U.S. that do not require a college education.

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My idea of a good school is one that invests in its teachers, prides itself on independence, and collaborates with the community.

Investing in Teachers
Robert Marzano's book entitled What Works in Schools: Translating Research into Action (specifically, page 72) makes it apparent that teachers are one of the most influential factors in students' academic achievement.  But, the teaching profession is known for having a "revolving door".  According to a National Education Association article, 46% of teachers leave the profession within 5 years.  Among the many reasons for leaving, the most common are: government mandates, lack of support, student discipline, low pay, lack of respect, and lack of influence.  I am a little embarrassed to admit it, but I am part of the 46%.  Despite earning a master's degree in teaching, loving my career as an educator, and being rated highly-effective by my administrators, I decided not to pursue a teaching position when I relocated to Seattle after four and a half years teaching.  I cite low pay (not being able to support myself and my girlfriend as she finishes her master's degree at Seattle University) and burn-out (teaching all day, attending class or doing homework most evenings, and grading/planning on nights and weekends) as the reasons for seeking employment in other professions.  I consider myself a passionate, effective, and dedicated educator, but with the benefits of a less-taxing, higher paying, and more flexible career, I don't know that I'll return to the classroom.  It saddens me that my story is not uncommon.

The investment I call for is more than monetary.  Teachers need to be respected and trusted by the school and the community to make important decisions about their classroom and curriculum.  They should be encouraged (and financially supported) to continue educating themselves and honing their craft.  Teachers need time to break out of their isolated classrooms and collaborate with their colleagues.  The teaching profession has a reputation for attracting lower-achieving and undecided undergraduate students.  We might attract a more studious population to the profession and have lower rates of attrition if becoming a teacher meant being in a selective and prestigious career, earning a competitive salary, having a support system and time to work with colleagues, and having more flexibility and freedom in the work.  (Side note - check out Luxembourg's earnings and hours worked per year!)

Achieving/Maintaining Independence
In the age of standardized testing, competition for students, and government mandates, it may be easier said than done, but schools should fight for independence.  They should be their own unique selves, and be proud of it.  Who should be making decisions about the happenings of a school - decision-makers who have never stepped foot in the community or the people that participate in the school daily?

When a formula works in one community, it will not necessarily work in another community.  Geoffery Canada's Harlem Children's Zone school would not be a success if he were attempting to emulate the success in other communities.  He beat the odds and found a way to make the school in an underprivileged neighborhood a success.  Canada is not concerned with trying to compete with suburban schools, or even other schools in New York City.  Instead, he is concerned with doing what helps the students in his community reach their potential.  Meier (2002) adds that the main difference between the advantaged and the disadvantaged is that the latter need flexible schools even more (p. 49). Private and charter schools seem to have more freedom than public schools, but sadly they feel pressure to conform as they compete for student in an economic recession.

Meier (2002) illustrates the ease of making decisions with more independence and more local control when she refers to the decision to eat lunch late and have an advisory committee afterward - “This was a decision we were able to make on Monday and put into effect within the same week.  In most New York high schools, it would take a task force months to study an idea like this and more months or years to put it into effect.  We just sat in our circle, listened to the kids’ proposal, and said, ‘Let’s try it’.” (p.55)


Collaborating with the Community
David Egger's idea for an after-school program is brilliant.  It works because it draws on the strengths of the community.  As stated in the previous paragraph, that formula will not work in every community.  Not many neighborhoods have well-educated freelance writers with flexible schedules that are willing to work with students every day.  But that's not to say that other communities don't have resources that could improve student success.  What Egger did was effectively bridge the gaps between the school and the community.

Meier found it effective to "bridge the gaps" by assigning just 15 students to each staff member.  The staff member had less families to contact and the result was more parental and community involvement in students' schooling.  

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 Although there are many issues that need attention in schooling, we search for the silver bullet and believe that, if we get our standards straight and our rubrics right and make our tests tough enough, we will have an improved school system.  I am not so sure.” -Elliot Eisner



I have shared my own views based on the educational research I have read and experiences I have had within the field of education; but they are nothing more than thoughts and opinions.  Millions of views exist regarding what a good school looks like, and despite the improbability that one exists, we continue our search for the "silver bullet".